Soil

maps from the same area but different periods show how soils and their distribution were perceived and mapped over time. They tell a bit about developments in mapping and in general. The first maps of started to appear in the mid-1800s but it was not until the 1920s that a map for the whole continent was produced. Since that time several maps were ...

Eleven threats were identified for the report. These threats are erosion by water, erosion by wind, decline of organic matter (OM) in peat, decline of OM in minerals soils, compaction, sealing, contamination, salinization, desertification, flooding and landslides and decline in biodiversity.

compaction is a form of physical degradation resulting in densification and distortion of the where biological activity, porosity and permeability are reduced, strength is increased and structure partly destroyed. Compaction can reduce water infiltration capacity and increase erosion risk by accelerating run-off.

We found much variation between countries for each of the three steps: There are more than 10 -P tests currently in use, apparent contradictions in the interpretation of -P test values and more than 3-fold differences in the P fertilizer recommendations for similar -crop situations.

It has proved a powerful tool in conveying best practice to lay audiences, and is increasingly found in international fora, strategic programmes (e.g. Health and Food Mission, the Health Institute, the Biology and Health Partnership, UK 25 Year Environment Plan), agreements and long term plans (Jian et al., 2020).

Introduction. erosion is ‘the wearing away of the land surface by physical forces such as rainfall, flowing water, wind, ice, temperature change, gravity or other natural or anthropogenic agents that abrade, detach and remove or geological material from one point on the earth's surface to be deposited elsewhere’ ( Society of America, Citation 2001; Jones et al ...

Abstract. Agricultural erosion is thought to perturb the global carbon cycle, but estimates of its effect range from a source of 1 petagram per year –1 to a sink of the same magnitude. By using caesium-137 and carbon inventory measurements from a large-scale survey, we found consistent evidence for an erosion-induced sink of atmospheric ...

1. Introduction. moisture (SM) is considered an essential climate variable (GCOS, 2010).It exerts control on the water and energy exchange between the and the atmosphere, as it behaves as a storage component for precipitation and induces persistence in the climate system (Martínez-Fernández et al., 2021; Piles et al., 2021; Seneviratne et al., 2010).

Zhijun Wei, Chenglin Li, Xiaofang Ma, Shutan Ma, Zongyang Han, Xiaoyuan Yan, Jun Shan. , e13428. First Published: 20 October 2023. Biochar promotes denitrification in acidic paddy by increasing pH and enhances the same process in alkaline paddy by increasing nosZ gene abundance, resulting in reduced N 2 O emissions. Abstract.

Continuous straw return for 8 years mitigates the negative effects of inorganic fertilisers on C-cycling bacteria. Qian Zhang, Tengfei Guo, Kai Sheng, Wenxuan Shi, Yanlai Han, Yilun Wang, Hui Li. , e13322. First Published: 13 November 2022. Abstract.

The model, launched in the 1980s, was originally called Century because it simulated carbon dynamics on timescales of a century or longer.As concerns about climate change grew, the CSU team looked to expand the model to capture how the three major greenhouse gases—CO 2, methane, and N 2 O—pass between air and land during a growing season.

Abstract moisture–atmosphere interactions are key elements of the regional climate system. There is a well-founded hope that a more accurate representation of the moisture–precipitation feedback would improve the simulation of summer precipitation on daily to seasonal, to climate time scales. However, uncertainties have persistently remained as the simulated feedback is strongly ...